Appropriate presentation
| Characteristic Name: | Appropriate presentation |
| Dimension: | Usability and Interpretability |
| Description: | The data presentation is aligned with its use |
| Granularity: | Information object |
| Implementation Type: | Process-based approach |
| Characteristic Type: | Usage |
Verification Metric:
| The number of tasks failed or under performed due to the lack of appropriate presentation of data |
| The number of complaints received due to the lack of appropriate presentation of data |
The implementation guidelines are guidelines to follow in regard to the characteristic. The scenarios are examples of the implementation
| Guidelines: | Scenario: |
|---|---|
| Ensure that Universally accepted standard formats are used to maintain the compatibility of information across organisations and across time | (1) A patients diagnostic card generated in one hospital is compatible with another hospital. |
| Ensure that information can be aggregated or combined through the use of compatible formats | (1) Product wise monthly sales report can be generated by combining the sales reports of three subsidiaries |
| Ensure that the data presentations are familiar to the users even if the application platform is changed. | (1) A quotation created in one system is sent to another system through an EDI message and displayed in the same presentation format |
| Ensure the media of presentation is appropriate for the target group | (1) A step by step written instruction list in a documents appropriate for a software engineer. (2) A video display is appropriate for a mechanic |
| Ensure that the presentation formats are flexible to accommodate changes easily | (1) An invoice document may require additional space to mansion authorisation evidence |
Validation Metric:
| How mature is the process to maintain appropriate presentation of data |
These are examples of how the characteristic might occur in a database.
| Example: | Source: |
|---|---|
| my birth date is December 13, 1941. If a personnel database has a BIRTH_DATE data element that expects dates in USA format, a date of 12/13/1941 would be correct. A date of 12/14/1941 would be inaccurate because it is the wrong value. A date of 13/12/1941 would be wrong because it is a European representation instead of a USA representation. | J. E. Olson, “Data Quality: The Accuracy Dimension”, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 9 January 2003. |
The Definitions are examples of the characteristic that appear in the sources provided.
| Definition: | Source: |
|---|---|
| A measure of how information is presented to and collected from those who utilize it. Format and appearance support appropriate use of information. | D. McGilvray, “Executing Data Quality Projects: Ten Steps to Quality Data and Trusted Information”, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2008. |
| 1) The Characteristic in which formatted data is presented consistently in a standardized or consistent way across different media, such as in computer screens, reports, or manually prepared reports.
2) The Characteristic of Information being presented in the right technology Media, such as online, hardcopy report, audio, or video. 3) The degree to which Information is presented in a way Intuitive and appropriate for the task at hand. The Presentation Quality of Information will vary by the individual purposes for which it is required. Some users require concise presentation, whereas others require a complete, detailed presentation, and yet others require graphic, color, or other highlighting techniques. |
ENGLISH, L. P. 2009. Information quality applied: Best practices for improving business information, processes and systems, Wiley Publishing. |
| 1) Appropriateness is the dimension we use to categorize how well the format and presentation of the data match the user needs. In our example, there is a difference between a high-level monthly sales report that is supplied to senior management and the daily product manifests that are handed to the shipping department for product packaging.
2) Flexibility in presentation describes the ability of the system to adapt to changes in both the represented information and in user requirements for presentation of information. For example, a system that display different counties; currencies may need to have the screen presentation change to allow for more significant digits for prices to be displayed when there is a steep devaluation in one county’s currency. 3) In an environment that makes use of different kinds of systems and applications, a portable interface is important so that as applications are migrated from one platform to another, the presentation of data is familiar to the users. Also, when dealing with a system designed for international use, the user of international standards as well as universally recognized icons is a sign of system designed with presentation portability in mind. |
LOSHIN, D. 2001. Enterprise knowledge management: The data quality approach, Morgan Kaufmann Pub. |
| 1) Data is presented in an intelligible manner.
2) Data is presented in a manner appropriate for its use, with respect to format, precision, and units. |
PRICE, R. J. & SHANKS, G. Empirical refinement of a semiotic information quality framework. System Sciences, 2005. HICSS'05. Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on, 2005. IEEE, 216a-216a. |
| Good format, like good views, are flexible so that changes in user need and recording medium can be accommodated. | REDMAN, T. C. 1997. Data quality for the information age, Artech House, Inc. |
| Data are always presented in the same format and are compatible with the previous data. | WANG, R. Y. & STRONG, D. M. 1996. Beyond accuracy: What data quality means to data consumers. Journal of management information systems, 5-33. |
Standards and regulatory compliance
| Characteristic Name: | Standards and regulatory compliance |
| Dimension: | Validity |
| Description: | All data processing activities should comply with the policies, procedures, standards, industry benchmark practices and all regulatory requirements that the organization is bound by |
| Granularity: | Information object |
| Implementation Type: | Process-based approach |
| Characteristic Type: | Usage |
Verification Metric:
| The number of tasks failed or under performed due non adherence of standards and regulations |
| The number of complaints received due to non adherence to standards and regulations |
The implementation guidelines are guidelines to follow in regard to the characteristic. The scenarios are examples of the implementation
| Guidelines: | Scenario: |
|---|---|
| Identify the policies, procedures, standards, benchmark practices and any regulatory requirements that an Information object is bound by | (1) Each person's compensation criteria must be determined in accordance with the Annuities Based on Retired or Retainer Pay law. |
| Ensure that all data processing activities are well defined and documented based on the policies, procedures, standards, benchmarks and regulatory requirements. | (1) Process of making a damage estimate is well defined based on industry benchmarks |
| Ensure that the application programs cater for standards and regulatory compliance | (1) A software program to make damage estimates which includes all benchmark data |
| Regularly monitor the data processing activities and identify the problems and inefficiencies so that the corrective and preventive actions can be taken. | (1) Frequent delays in time sheet approvals results in delayed payments |
| Signs should be standardised and universally used | (1) In the line efficiency report, low efficiency lines are indicated using a RED light while a green light indicates high efficiency |
| Relevant standard, procedures, policies and regulations should be communicated to the users effectively | (1) Providing a guidelines for signs |
| Ensure that proper conversion tables are maintained and used in converting attribute vales to different measurement bases. | (1) Metric conversion tables are used to convert lbs to kgs. |
Validation Metric:
| How mature is the process maintain the adherence to standards and regulations |
These are examples of how the characteristic might occur in a database.
| Example: | Source: |
|---|---|
| The age at entry to a UK primary & junior school is captured on the form for school applications. This is entered into a database and checked that it is between 4 and 11. If it were captured on the form as 14 or N/A it would be rejected as invalid. | N. Askham, et al., “The Six Primary Dimensions for Data Quality Assessment: Defining Data Quality Dimensions”, DAMA UK Working Group, 2013. |
The Definitions are examples of the characteristic that appear in the sources provided.
| Definition: | Source: |
|---|---|
| A measure of the existence, completeness, quality, and documentation of data standards, data models, business rules, metadata, and reference data. | D. McGilvray, “Executing Data Quality Projects: Ten Steps to Quality Data and Trusted Information”, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2008. |
| The data element has a commonly agreed upon enterprise business definition and calculations. | B. BYRNE, J. K., D. MCCARTY, G. SAUTER, H. SMITH, P WORCESTER 2008. The information perspective of SOA design Part 6:The value of applying the data quality analysis pattern in SOA. IBM corporation. |
| SIGNS AND OTHER Information-Bearing Mechanisms like Traffic Signals should be standardized and universally used across the broadest audience possible. | ENGLISH, L. P. 2009. Information quality applied: Best practices for improving business information, processes and systems, Wiley Publishing. |
| Validity of data refers to data that has been collected in accordance with any rules or definitions that are applicable for that data. This will enable benchmarking between organisations and over time. | HIQA 2011. International Review of Data Quality Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA), Ireland. http://www.hiqa.ie/press-release/2011-04-28-international-review-data-quality. |